Frequently Asked Questions about Starting the Mediterranean Diet 1. What is the Mediterranean diet? The Mediterranean diet is a way of eating that is based on the traditional foods and habits of the people living in countries that surround the Mediterranean Sea. It emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. Poultry and fish are preferred over red meat, and olive oil is the primary source of fat. It also encourages moderate consumption of red wine and limits processed foods, sugary drinks, and added sugars. To learn more about the Mediterranean diet, visit the Mayo Clinic’s…