Neanderthals were known to have a varied diet consisting of both plants and animals. They primarily consumed meat from large game animals, such as mammoths and bison, but they also ate smaller animals like birds, fish, and rabbits. Additionally, Neanderthals would gather and eat a variety of plant foods like berries, nuts, and tubers. Studies of their dental remains have also indicated that they might have consumed some starchy foods.

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The evidence suggests that Neanderthals did consume cooked food. Studies have found traces of charred plant material and bones in Neanderthal archaeological sites, indicating the use of fire for cooking. Cooking would have made food easier to digest, increased nutrient availability, and potentially eliminated harmful bacteria. It is believed that Neanderthals would have cooked their food by roasting or boiling.

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Yes, Neanderthals did eat fish. Various archaeological sites have revealed fish remains, including skeletons and scales, at Neanderthal occupation sites. This suggests that they had the knowledge and skills to catch and consume fish. Fish would have provided a valuable source of protein and nutrients in their diet.

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Neanderthals were not strictly vegetarian, but they did include plant foods in their diet. While the majority of their diet consisted of meat from large game animals, they also consumed a variety of plants, including fruits, nuts, and roots. The inclusion of plant foods in their diet would have provided them with additional nutrients and a more balanced diet.

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Although there is evidence of cannibalism in prehistoric human populations, there is no definitive evidence to suggest that Neanderthals consumed each other. The presence of cut marks, along with the arrangement of bones, in some Neanderthal remains has led to speculation about cannibalistic practices, but alternative explanations, such as ritualistic or cultural practices, have also been proposed.

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We have gained knowledge about Neanderthals’ diet through a combination of archaeological and paleoanthropological studies. By examining the remains of animals found in Neanderthal archaeological sites, including bones and teeth, scientists have been able to identify the types of animals Neanderthals consumed. Additionally, the analysis of dental calculus and isotopic analysis of bone collagen have provided further insights into their diet.

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